Single Heavy Flavour Baryons using Coulomb plus Power law interquark Potential

Properties of single heavy flavor baryons in a non relativistic potential model with colour coulomb plus power law confinement potential have been studied. The ground state masses of single heavy baryons and the mass difference between the ($J^{P}={3/2}^{+}$ and $J^{P}={1/2}^{+}$) states are computed using a spin dependent two body potential. Using the spin-flavour structure of the constituting quarks and by defining an effective confined mass of the constituent quarks within the baryons, the magnetic moments are computed. The masses and magnetic moments of the single heavy baryons are found to be in accordance with the existing experimental values and with other theoretical predictions. It is found that an additional attractive interaction of the order of -200 Me$V$ is required for the antisymmetric states of $\Lambda_{Q}$ (Q$\in c,b)$. It is also found that the spin hyperfine interaction parameters play decisive role in hadron spectroscopy.Comment: 16 Pages, 3 Figures, Paper submitted in EPJ

Study and Implementation of Cryptographic Algorithms

Cryptography has a long and fascinating history. Over the centuries, an elaborate set of protocols and mechanisms has been created to deal with information security issues when the information is conveyed by physical documents. Often the objectives of information security cannot solely be achieved through mathematical algorithms and protocols alone, but require procedural techniques and abidance of laws to achieve the desired result. For example, privacy of letters is provided by sealed envelopes delivered by an accepted mail service. The physical security of the envelope is, for practical necessity, limited and so laws are enacted which make it a criminal offense to open mail for which one is not authorized. It is sometimes the case that security is achieved not through the information itself but through the physical document recording it. For example, paper currency requires special inks and material to prevent counterfeiting

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo and its Marketed Comparison

The most popular type of hair treatment is shampooing. Shampoos are an aqueous or creamy soap or detergent solution for washing hair, cleaning of hair shaft and scalp. In the current environment, it appears unlikely that herbal shampoo will be popular with customers, despite the fact that it performs better and is safer than synthetic shampoo. A more extreme strategy to popularizing herbal shampoo would be to alter customer expectations of what a shampoo should be, with a focus on safety and efficacy. The goal of this research work was to develop and formulate herbo cosmetic prepration using antifungal drug and contain polyherbal ingredients in shampoo for cosmetic purposes. In this work replace dangerous synthetic ingredients in herbal shampoo formulations with a safe alternative. Natural anti- dandruff shampoo was developed by utilizing a anti-fungal herbs Argemone mexicana and Caolotropis gigantea and herbal ingredients such as Spindus mukorrosi and Acacia concinna and the resulting formulation was evaluation for pH, viscosity, foaming stability, and evaluation satisfaction. Dandruff is a widespread scalp ailment induced by the Malassezia furfur. It can be totally eradicated, however it can be efficiently regulated and handled by such approach. Several anti-fungal drugs are used in hair care preparations for the management of dandruff in the current study

Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Cell

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panel’s temperature and on irradiance conditions. The issue of MPPT has been addressed in different ways in the literature but, especially for low-cost implementations, the perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking algorithm is the most commonly used method due to its ease of implementation. A drawback of P&O is that, at steady state, the operating point oscillates around the MPP giving rise to the waste of some amount of available energy; moreover, it is well known that the P&O algorithm can be confused during those time intervals characterized by rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In order to limit the negative effects associated to the above drawbacks, the P&O MPPT parameters must be customized to the dynamic behavior of the specific converter adopted. A theoretical analysis allowing the optimal choice of such parameters is also carried out. In this paper MATLAB-based M file programming scheme suitable for monitoring the I-V and P-V characteristics of a PV array under a nonuniform insolation due to partial shading condition for different configuration (modules in series parallel) of solar PV. It can also be used for developing and evaluating new maximum power point tracking techniques, especially for shaded conditions. Implementation of a novel MPPT technique has been developed using P&O algorithm has been done using MATLAB-based M file programming scheme without applying shading effect to solar array. Keywords: Maximum power point (MPP), maximum power point tracking (MPPT), perturb and observe (P&O), photovoltaic (PV

The regulation and enforcement of nutrition and health claims for food

The regulation of food is a contested domain (Ansell and Vogel, 2006). Who should bear responsibility for manufacture, distribution, sale and supply and consumption of the food we consume is one of the overriding political questions of our time. The legal, moral and political authority for the regulation of food faces challenges and is subject to intense negotiation. This study sets out to explore one small part of this multifaceted and global debate. The regulation of nutrition and health claims represents a concentrated area of the broader treatise. Nutrition and health claims are common in commercial communications used in the promotion of food. The use of such claims is strictly controlled by the Nutrition and Health Claims (England) Regulation 2007 and much has been written about the rationale for the Regulation. By contrast, the study of the enforcement of the Regulation is relatively neglected. The original contribution to knowledge made by this work is the finding that the enforcement of the regulation relies on the application of the broad discretion allowed to local authority enforcers and this results in variances in enforcement style. Notwithstanding such differences in style, one clear theme emerged: that enforcers largely deploy an accommodative approach based on advice rather than a deterrent approach reliant on prosecution. The study adopts a qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews of those responsible for the enforcement of the law, namely trading standards officers and environmental health officers to assess their views and attitudes. It was found that factors affecting the application of the discretion ranged from the local priorities of the authority and the availability of resources to effectively control the use of such claims. While the discretion allowed for authorities to respond to the particular needs of their community, it makes for a ‘postcode lottery’ in differences in the way in which the same claims that are used across multiple authorities are enforced. It was found that in common with other legislation where enforcement is ceded to local authorities, the system of enforcement would benefit from greater consistency of practice